How were the Northern Plains of India formed?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Wind deposits
c) River sediment deposits
d) Ocean waves
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Answer: c) River sediment deposits
Explanation
- River Sediment Deposits: The Northern Plains of India (Indo-Gangetic Plain) were formed over millions of years through the deposition of fertile alluvial soil brought down by three major Himalayan river systems and their tributaries:
- The Indus System
- The Ganga System
- The Brahmaputra System
- Geological Process: As the Himalayas rose due to tectonic activity, a large depression (geosyncline) was formed along their southern foot. Rivers flowing down from the mountains deposited vast layers of silt, sand, and clay into this depression, transforming it into a vast, flat, highly fertile alluvial plain.
Overview of Other Options
- a) Volcanic Eruptions: Responsible for forming landforms like the Deccan Traps (Deccan Plateau) through fissure lava flows.
- b) Wind Deposits: Form landforms such as sand dunes and loess plains (commonly found in desert environments like the Thar Desert).
- d) Ocean Waves: Responsible for coastal landforms such as beaches, sea cliffs, and barrier islands.
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